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Clarinet Sonatas (Brahms)
The Clarinet Sonatas, Op. 120, Nos. 1 and 2 are a pair of works written for clarinet and piano by the Romantic composer Johannes Brahms. They were written in 1894 and are dedicated to the clarinetist Richard Mühlfeld. The sonatas stem from a period late in Brahms’s life where he “discovered” the beauty of the sound and tonal colour of the clarinet.〔Swafford 1997, p. 572〕 The form of the clarinet sonata was largely undeveloped until after the completion of these sonatas, after which the combination of clarinet and piano was more readily used in composers’ new works.〔Musgrave 1985, p. 251〕 These were the last chamber pieces Brahms wrote before his death and are considered two of the great masterpieces in the clarinet repertoire. Brahms also produced an oft-performed transcription of these works for viola with alterations to better suit the instrument.
==Background==
By 1890, Brahms vowed to retire from composing, but his promise was short lived. In January 1891 he made a trip to Meiningen for an arts festival and was captivated by performances of the Weber ''Clarinet Concerto No. 1'' and the Mozart ''Clarinet Quintet''. The solo clarinetist was Richard Mühlfeld, and Brahms began a fond friendship with the man whom he so admired. The beautiful tone of “Fräulein Klarinette”〔Musgrave 1985, p. 247〕 (as Brahms would nickname Mühlfeld) inspired him to begin composing again less than a year after he retired.〔Lawson 1998, p. 32〕 The fruits of their friendship were a few remarkable additions to the still modest clarinet repertoire of that time, including the Clarinet Sonatas. In the summer of 1894 at his Bad Ischl retreat, Brahms completed the sonatas. They were first performed privately for Duke Georg and his family in September of that year.〔Lawson 1998, p. 40〕 Brahms’ experience in writing his ''Clarinet Quintet'' three years earlier led him to compose the sonatas for clarinet and piano because he preferred the sound over that of clarinet with strings.〔Musgrave 1985, p. 255-256〕 It is interesting to note that the keys of the sonatas—F minor and E-flat major—correspond to the keys of the two clarinet concertos Weber produced.
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